By Siddharth Dalabehera Introduction The term ‘Securities’ under Section 2(81) of the Companies Act, 2013 has been defined to mean ‘securities’ as defined in Clause (h) of Section 2 of the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, ’56 (SCRA). The term ‘securities’ include: shares, scrips, stocks, bonds, debentures, debenture stock and other […]
Price sensitive information
By Tanvi Praveen, Symbiosis Law School, Noida Editor’s note: Knowledge is said to be power. Nowhere does this hold truer than in the case of price sensitive information in a company. Such information ought to be released in a manner that benefits all investors equally, without prejudice, and not in […]
Investors’ protection
Investors are often known as shareholders or members of the company. They contribute to the equity capital, have the voting rights in every matter and are entitled to get dividend. Protection of investors means safeguard and enforcement of the rights and claims of a person in his role as an investor. The same being of utmost importance, has been analysed in detail by the author in the following paper.
Lifting Of Corporate Veil
The fundamental attribute of corporate personality, from which all other consequences flow if that the corporation is a legal entity distinct from its members.This doctrine has been established for business efficacy, necessity and convenience. In the doctrine of ‘Lifting the Corporate Veil’, the law goes behind the mask or veil of incorporation in order to determine the real person behind the mask of a company. It is one of the most widely used doctrines to decide when a shareholder or shareholders will be held liable for obligations of the corporation and continues to be the most litigated and most discussed doctrines in all of corporate law. Therefore, a study of the same through the lens of leading case laws and judgements as done by the authors would be highly beneficial.
Impact of Finance Act, 2014 – CSR
Sanchit Srivastava, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University Editor’s note: Corporate social responsibility rests on the theory that since a company utilizes the resources offered by nature and society for its benefit it should act as a trustee towards ensuring the welfare of nature and society, and that the […]
Capital restructuring via buy-back of shares
Sanchit Srivastava, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University Editor’s note: Companies evolve their policies continuously in order to adapt to managerial decisions, competition, politics, etc. Restructuring, therefore, becomes inevitable for operational, financial and managerial dimensions. It may be done via expansion, sell-offs, corporate control, and changes in ownership structure. […]
Oppression & mismanagement – Corporate law
Sanchit Srivastava, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University Editor’s note: Indian corporate sector faces a massive problem of protecting minority shareholders from the dominant ones. Drawing upon lessons from the USA, UK and Canada, this paper focuses on building a bridge between the owners and the management, the lack […]
Corporate Debt Restructuring- Strategies under Indian Legal Regime
Corporate Debt Restructuring (CDR) mechanism is a voluntary non statutory mechanism under which financial institutions and banks come together to restructure the debt of companies facing financial difficulties due to internal or external factors, in order to provide timely support to such companies. The intention behind the mechanism is to revive such companies and also safeguard the interests of the lending institutions and other stakeholders. The CDR mechanism is available to companies who enjoy credit facilities from more than one lending institution. The mechanism allows such institutions, to restructure the debt in a speedy and transparent manner for the benefit of al
While it has proved to be fruitful in many cases, still there is a lot of scope for improvement. Various issues arise such as foreign lender’s reluctance to be a part of the CDR process along with Indian banks, because they feel that the process is more favourable to Indian lenders and could be misused by sertain entities. The analysis shows that many restructured cases turn into bad assets over a period of time. A thrust area which needs a further look-in is the post-restructuring phase which demands heavy monitoring.
Directors of a Company – Appointment and Legal Relationship
Directors of a company are individuals that are elected as, or elected to act as, representatives of the stockholders to establish corporate management related policies and to make decisions on major company issues. They act on the basis of resolutions made at directors’ meetings, and derive their powers from the corporate legislation and from the company’s AOA.
The success of the company depends, to a very large extent, upon the competence and integrity of its directors. As the company’s agents, they can bind the company with valid contracts entered into with third-parties such as buyers, lenders, and suppliers. They are the trustees for the firm and whether appointed validly or not, they are individually and collectively liable for the acts and/or negligence of the firm. Unlike stockholders, directors cannot vote by proxy and, unlike employees, they cannot absolve themselves of their responsibility for the delegated duties. It is, therefore, necessary that management of companies should be in proper hands. The appointment of directors is accordingly strictly regulated by the act. There are now special provisions for preventing management by undesirable persons.
One Person Company
In a one person company, only one person is required who can be a shareholder as well as the Director. The concept opens up spectacular possibilities for sole proprietors and entrepreneurs who can now take the advantages of limited liability and corporatization. The biggest difference between a sole proprietor and a One Person Company would be that in case of a One Person Company, the liability is limited to only the business assets. However, in case of a proprietorship, the liability is unlimited and the creditors can even take hold of the personal assets like your house, personal bank accounts, jewelry etc. which can be used to settle the business liabilities. There are various advantages of starting an OPC. One Person Company gets freedom from complying with many requirements as normally applicable to other private limited Companies. Certain sections like Section 96, 98 and sections 100 to 111 are not applicable for a One Person Company. OPC is indeed a harbinger of progress and industrial growth. It provides a perfect mixture of the unique characteristics of a company while performing with the independence and freedom of a sole proprietorship. This is a concept that is expected to give a big impetus to Corporatization in the country.
Board Committees and it’s Importance
By Sanjana Sahu and Sahil Sharma, School of Law-KIIT University Editor’s Note: Corporate Governance is the system by which companies are directed and controlled. The Board of Directors are responsible for the governance of their companies and are appointed by shareholders. There are also various Board Committees, which play a major […]
Corporate Criminal Liability
By Akhil Mahesh, National University of Advanced Legal Studies, Kochi “Editor’s Note: A corporation is a separate legal entity and considered a legal person. However, a corporation can be made criminally liable for unlawful acts done by its agents when they are acting within the scope of authority. The criminal […]
Corporate Debt Restructuring-Strategies In The Indian Legal Regime
By Amrit Subhadarsi, KIIT School of Law, Bhuvaneshwar “EDITOR’S NOTE:- In this era of corporate governance reforms, it has become imperative for the Indian financial institutions to re-examine the existing methods of restructuring the companies that incur losses and are unable to function to their optimum capacity. Corporate debt restructuring […]